“I am calling on policymakers to make a policy upgrade to address the current challenges,” Lagarde said.

Lagarde, speaking ahead of the IMF-World Bank Annual Meetings that take place October 9-11 in Lima, Peru, stated that the world is at a “difficult and complex juncture.”

The prospect of rising U.S. interest rates, China’s slowdown, a sharp deceleration in the growth of global trade, and the rapid drop in commodity prices are contributing to global uncertainty, she noted.

With conflict and forced migration, Lagarde said, there is the “human toll” from economic dislocation and low activity. More than 200 million people remain unemployed worldwide, income inequality is rising, and women continue to be disadvantaged both in pay and labor market opportunities.

“My key message today, however, is this: with the right policies, strong leadership, and global cooperation, it can be managed,” Lagarde stressed.

Major economic transitions

Lagarde, noting that the IMF’s global projections will be released next week, warned that “global growth will likely be weaker this year than last, with only a modest acceleration expected in 2016.”

The “good news,” Lagarde said, is a modest pick-up in advanced economies, but the “not-so-good news” is that emerging economies are likely to see their fifth consecutive year of declining rates of growth. “If we put all this together, we see global growth that is disappointing and uneven.”

This outlook, Lagarde explained, is heavily affected by “major economic transitions”— namely, China’s transition to a new growth model and the normalization of U.S. monetary policy—that are creating global ripple effects or “spillovers and spillbacks.”

But Lagarde stressed that these shifts are “necessary and healthy.” “They are good for China, good for the United States, and good for the world. The challenge is to manage them as efficiently and as smoothly as possible.”

‘Policy upgrade’ needed

Lagarde noted that these transitions can be managed by supporting demand, preserving financial stability, and implementing structural reforms. But she warned that “action is required now.”

“The bottom line is that proactive policy management by everyone…is now more important than ever,” Lagarde said.

Lagarde therefore called on policymakers to intensify policy efforts by making a policy upgrade to address current challenges. For example:

• Incorporating spillover risks in monetary policy decision-making in advanced economies.

• Tackling nonperforming loans in the euro area to boost credit to companies and households.

• Using macroprudential tools in emerging markets to address corporate leverage and foreign debt.

International cooperation never more vital

Lagarde stressed that policy implementation requires “skillful and savvy policy making,” especially in this phase of lower growth and uncertainty.

“Given the collective nature of many of the issues involved—like climate change, trade, and the global financial safety net—increased international cooperation is more urgent and essential than ever before,” she said.

For its part, the IMF is adapting its policy recommendations and refining its core activities to strengthen its support to member countries as they face these ongoing transitions, Lagarde said.

The IMF’s “AIM” is to improve among three dimensions. “‘A’ as in ‘more agile,’ ‘I’ as in ‘more integrated,’ and ‘M’ as in ‘member-focused,’” Lagarde said.

“The Fund can only be as effective as the support we receive from members,” Lagarde noted, urging members to adopt the 2010 Quota and Governance reforms to reflect the “dynamic changes taking place amongst our membership, and to ensure that the Fund has the resources that are needed to respond to members’ needs—today and tomorrow.”